Dr. Koman is a member of 20 professional societies and has served as President of the Eastern Orthopaedic Association, the North Carolina Orthopaedic Society, North Carolina Society for Surgery of the Hand (which he founded), the Southern Orthopaedic Association, and the Southeastern Hand Club. He is the current president of the American Society for Surgery of the Hand. Dr. Koman is Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Surgical Orthopaedic Advances, a peer-reviewed scientific journal and Orthopaedic Care, an online textbook. He reviews manuscripts for more than 10 national and international journals.

He has served on over 50 committees for national and international orthopaedic organizations, has lectured at orthopaedic meetings and medical centers in 30 states and 10 countries, and has authored more than 175 scientific articles and book chapters. He has been awarded two patents and has received more than four million dollars in grants and awards including a National Institute of Health RO 1 grant in microvascular physiology.

In 1999, he and his research team received the Clinical Research Award from the Orthopaedic Research and Education Foundation for basic sciences and translational research in microvascular physiology. This work advanced clinical care of upper extremity vascular disorders including occlusive and vaso-occlusive disease. In 2004, Dr. Koman was awarded the Huene Award by the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America, for excellence in previous and the potential for future research. This award honored clinical and research activities in the research and treatment of congenital hand disorders, cerebral palsy, spasticity management including botulinum toxins, and pediatric nerve and vessel injury. Dr. Koman was the 2006 recipient of the Established Investigator in Clinical Sciences Award at Wake Forest University Health Sciences. The Orthopaedic laboratories run by Dr. Koman have trained 10 post-doctoral fellows and one Ph.D. candidate. Dr. Koman pioneered a 7-year physician scientist orthopaedic residency program, which has had 10 graduates to date. Current basic research focuses on nerve repair and reconstruction, biomodulation after injury, botulinum toxin, microcirculation, microneural control, regenerative medicine, biomaterials, and motor unit activation. These basic studies parallel his clinical interests, surgical care and clinical outcome research. He has consulted for seven pharmaceutical and orthopaedic manufacturing companies, and is President and Chief Medical Officer of DT Scimed LLC and Chief Medical Officer for Keranetics, Inc.